A New IoT Smart Plug Framework Using ESP32 for Adaptive Charging and Thermal Protection

Abhay Chopde, Tarunendra Bhadauria

Abstract: Overcharging and overheating of batteries are still serious problems, affecting the performance, safety, and lifespan of rechargeable electronic devices. This paper presents an IoT-enabled smart plug system, using the ESP32 microcontroller, designed to automatically stop charging when the battery reaches 85% capacity or when the temperature exceeds 40?C. The system collects real-time data on voltage, current, and temperature. This data is then processed by the ESP32 microcontroller, which controls a relay to manage the power supply. The combination of a buzzer and an LCD display provide immediate user alerts and visual feedback, which enhances both safety and ease of use. The technology, as intended, significantly boosts charging safety, curbs needless energy use, and extends the lifespan of the battery. Experimental validation demonstrates accurate precision, rapid response times, and consistent performance, thereby confirming the system's suitability as a cost-effective, easily expandable, and energy-efficient charging solution for everyday electronic devices, including smartphones, tablets, and power banks.

Keywords: Smart Charging, Battery Management, Bluetooth Communication, Overcharging Protection, Battery Health, Temperature Monitoring