Advances in Phosphoproteomics: New Methods, Techniques, and Neurological Applications

Yuvraj Shankar, Divyansh Sharma, Krishang Goyal

Abstract: As one of the most prevalent and functionally critical post-translational modifications, protein phosphorylation governs virtually every aspect of cellular signalling, making its comprehensive analysis indispensable to modern biology. In this paper, we review the principal methodologies underpinning phosphoproteomic analyses, including phosphopeptide enrichment strategies, advanced mass spectrometry workflows, and quantitative approaches. We further highlight the application of phosphoproteomics to neuroscience, emphasising its role in dissecting neuronal signalling networks, understanding synaptic plasticity, and revealing phosphorylation-driven mechanisms in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Future directions include single-cell and spatial phosphoproteomics, which promise improved resolution of neuronal signalling networks and disease mechanisms.

Keywords: Phosphoproteomics, Protein Phosphorylation, Mass Spectrometry, Neuronal Signalling, Post-translational Modifications, Neurodegenerative Disease, Single-cell Phosphoproteomics, Spatial Phosphoproteomics, Kinase Signalling