Unveiling Al-Shabaab: A Comprehensive Analysis of Evolution and Influence

Mohamed Rage Hassan

Abstract: Somalia, in a state of chaos for nearly three decades, lacks centralized institutional power. Non-state actors, including the radical group Al-Shabaab, emerged after the collapse of the military regime. This article traces Al-Shabaab's evolution from a guerrilla force to an influential armed organization. Utilizing a qualitative research approach and document analysis, this article explores Al-Shabaab's genesis, organizational evolution, and structural components. Examining Al-Shabaab's organizational structure, the article delves into its Executive Council, Finance, and Justice, Intelligence, and Media/Recruitment departments. Notably, the group's financial strength, justice system, and recruitment strategies are analyzed. The article also discusses Al-Shabaab's transformation over the past decade, emphasizing its Islamist-nationalist roots, radicalization, and recent tactical modifications. The study underscores Al-Shabaab's resilience, organizational prowess, and ability to control territories. Financial pressure, ideological warfare, and effective counterterrorism strategies are identified as crucial factors in addressing the persistent threat posed by Al-Shabaab in Somalia. A comprehensive approach, encompassing military, financial, and ideological dimensions, is deemed necessary for lasting peace in the region.

Keywords: Al-Shabaab, Amisom, Terror, Somali national army