Even the Eyes Are Not Spared-Ocular Tuberculosis - A Case Report

Priya Ranjani D, Irene Dorathy P, Sarah Emma Rosalind J

Abstract: Ocular tuberculosis (OTB) is an increasingly recognized form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) that poses significant risks to vision, particularly in TB-endemic regions. Although traditionally considered rare, the incidence of OTB has risen due to factors such as increased immunosuppression and the broader use of biologic therapies. Diagnosing OTB remains challenging due to its variable clinical presentation, the difficulty in obtaining microbiological confirmation, and the absence of universally accepted diagnostic criteria. Diagnosis typically relies on clinical suspicion, immunological tests (TST/IGRA), imaging, and the patient?s response to anti-tubercular therapy. The mainstay of treatment for OTB is systemic multidrug therapy, though drug penetration into ocular tissues may necessitate local treatments like intravitreal or subconjunctival drug delivery. Monitoring for side effects, such as optic neuritis from ethambutol, is essential. This case report highlights the crucial role of nursing care in managing OTB. Nurses play a key role in early recognition of visual symptoms, providing patient education, ensuring adherence to treatment, and closely monitoring for potential side effects. Their proactive involvement, alongside a multidisciplinary care approach, led to a positive outcome, preventing long-term vision loss and ensuring optimal care for the patient.

Keywords: ocular tuberculosis, vision loss prevention, nursing care, multidrug therapy, patient education