The Novel Corona Virus (COVID-19): A Global Crises and a Curse for Mankind

Dr. Moushumi Biswas

Abstract: Background: The coronavirus family comprises a group of viruses that affect both animals and humans, with varying levels of severity. The emergence of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in December 2019 marked a global health crisis due to its rapid spread, high infectivity, and varied clinical manifestations. Objective: This article aims to present a comprehensive overview of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including its origin, virological features, epidemiological patterns, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical features, and the body's immune response. Methods: A review of scientific literature, official health agency data (e. g., WHO, CDC), and observational studies was undertaken to understand the characteristics and behavior of the virus from its discovery to its global dissemination. Results: SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in Wuhan, China, and rapidly led to a pandemic. It spreads mainly via respiratory droplets, with confirmed asymptomatic transmission. Elderly populations and individuals with comorbidities are at higher risk of severe outcomes. The virus primarily targets epithelial cells in the respiratory tract via ACE2 receptors. Immunity following infection is variable, and herd immunity is dependent on significant population exposure or vaccination. Viral shedding can persist for weeks, even after symptom resolution. Conclusion: Understanding the structure, transmission, and clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for effective public health interventions and pandemic preparedness. Continued research is essential to monitor viral mutations, vaccine efficacy, and the long-term effects of COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus, Epidemiology, Transmission, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Viral Shedding, Immunity, Pandemic